19.04.2023

DHCP-Server einrichten

Navigation:

Netzwerk
ISC-DHCP-Server
Wide-DHCPv6-Server
ISC-DHCP-Client
Wide-DHCPv6-Client
radvd - Router Advertisement Daemon
sonstiges

ISC-DHCP-Server

- Installation unter Debian / Ubuntu

apt-get install isc-dhcp-server isc-dhcp-common

Datei	Beschreibung
/etc/default/isc-dhcp-server	Standardeinstellungen des Servers (nur unter SysV-Init)
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf	DHCP Server Einstellungen IPv4
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf	DHCP Server Einstellungen IPv6
/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd6.leases	Lease der Clients
service isc-dhcp-server6 start\|stop\|restart\|status	DHCPv6 Daemon starten\|stoppen\|neustarten
service isc-dhcp-server start\|stop\|restart\|status	DHCP IPv4 Daemon starten\|stoppen\|neustarten
/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server start\|stop\|restart	DHCPv6 Daemon starten\|stoppen\|neustarten
update-rc.d -f isc-dhcp-server default	ISC-DHCP Server beim Systemstart mitstarten (unter Upstart)
update-rc.d -f isc-dhcp-server remove	ISC-DHCP Server Systemstart deaktivieren (unter Upstart)
echo "manual" \| sudo tee -a /etc/init/isc-dhcp-server.override

- Konfiguration unter upstart (ubuntu) oder Systemd nicht mehr nötig!

# /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server
DHCPD_CONF=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
OPTIONS="-6"
INTERFACES="eth0 eth1"

- der DHCPv6 Server muss eine IPv6 aus der in der Konfigurationsdatei angegebenene subnet6 haben.

# IPv6 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
#
ddns-update-style none;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
authoritative;

# IPv6 Server Optionen
option dhcp6.name-servers fd01:edda:edda:21::254;
option dhcp6.domain-search "local.zz","domain.zz";

# subnet6 ::/64 {
subnet6 fd01:edda:edda:21::/64 {
 range6 fd01:edda:edda:21::300 fd01:edda:edda:21::320;

#       Host Reservierung
#       host Ubuntu-S1 {
#        host-identifier option dhcp6.client-id 00:03:00:01:00:50:56:82:7a:fd;
#        fixed-address6 2001:db8:2:1::2;
#       }
}

Fehlersuche

DHCP Server von Hand auf der Konsole starten, IPv6 Modus -6, Daemon läuft im Vordergrund -f, Log auf Standardausgabe -d, mit Konfigurationsdatei -cf. weiter Hilfe man dhcpd. Server startet nur, wenn der Server auch eine IPv6 aus dem Subnet6 der Konfig hat.

dhcpd -6 -f -d -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf eth1

- unter ubuntu Device neu starten

ifdown eth1 && ifup eth1

- IPv6 Adressen anzeigen

ip -6 addr show dev eth1

- Rechner im Netz anzeigen

ip -6 neigh show

Wide-DHCPv6-Server

- Installation

apt-get install wide-dhcpv6-server

Datei	Beschreibung
/etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6s.conf	DHCPv6 Server Konfiguration
man dhcp6s.conf	Hilfe zur Server Konfiguration
/usr/share/doc/wide-dhcpv6-server/examples/dhcp6s.conf.sample	Beispiel Konfigurationsdatei
/etc/default/wide-dhcpv6-server	DHCPv6 Server initscript
service wide-dhcpv6-server start \| stop \| restart \| status	Daemon starten \| stoppen \| neustarten \| aktueller Status
/usr/sbin/dhcp6s	Server Daemon
update-rc.d wide-dhcpv6-server defaults	Daemon Autostart aktivieren
update-rc.d -f wide-dhcpv6-server remove	Daemon Autostart deaktivieren

- Beispiel Server Konfigurationsdatei

# /etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6s.conf
#
option domain-name-servers 2001:db8:1::1;
option domain-name "domain.tld";

interface eth0 {
        preference 255;
	send rapid-commit;
        address-pool pool1 3600;
        };
        pool pool1 {
                range range 2001:db8:1::2 to 2001:db8:1::200 ;
};

ISC-DHCP-Client

- Paket installieren (Standard bei ubuntu und Debian)

apt-get install isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common

Dateien / Verzeichnisse
/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf	IPv4 Client Konfigurationsdatei
/etc/dhcp/dhclient6.conf	IPv6 Client Konfigurationsdatei

- auf dem ISC-DHCP-Server, aus der Datei /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf den Eintrag interface-mtu aus den Parametern unter request entfernen.

# /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf
...
request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
        domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
        dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search,
#       netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
        netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope,
        rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers,
        dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers;
...

- DHCPv6 Client Konfiguration

# IPv6  /etc/dhcp/dhclient6.conf
#
interface "eth0" {
send dhcp6.ia-pd 1;
script "/etc/dhclient-exit-hooks";
}

- IPv6 DHCP Lease erneuern

dhclient -6 -d eth0

dhclient -P -d -cf /etc/dhcp/dhclient6.conf eth0

Wide-DHCPv6-Client

- Paket installieren

apt-get install wide-dhcpv6-client

Dateien / Verzeichnisse
/etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6c.conf	Client Konfigurationsdatei
/etc/default/wide-dhcpv6-client	Daemon Default Einstellungen
service wide-dhcpv6-client start \| stop \| restart \| status	Daemon starten \| stoppen \| neustarten \| aktueller Status

- Default Schnittstelle konfigurieren

# /etc/default/wide-v6-client
INTERFACES="eth0"

Stateful DHCPv6

# /etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6c.conf
interface eth0 {                # WAN Interface zum PD Server
                                # These 3 lines are used to do DHCP on the interface.
        send ia-na 1;           # Tells the system to assign a DHCP IP to this interface
                                # PD specific.
        send ia-pd 1;           # Tells the PD server, we are requesting prefix delegation
        send rapid-commit;
        request domain-name-servers;    #get DNS from DHCP  Optional
        request domain-name;            #get DNS search domain from DHCP Optional
        script "/etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6c-script";
};

id-assoc na 1 {                 # Required to have the DHCP address assigned to the interface with the matching s
};

id-assoc pd 1 {                 #configuring the requested prefix delegation.
        prefix ::/56 infinity;
        prefix-interface eth1 { #LAN Interface
                sla-id 0;       # Use the first /64 from the delegated prefix. Starts with zero.  2001:db8:1200:0
                ifid 1;         # Specifies the host address to use with the prefix.  eg. 2001:db8:1200:0::1/64
                sla-len 8;      #how many bits to add to the prefix delegation to get to /64.  48+16=64, 56+8=64
};

Stateless DHCPv6

interface eth0 {
	information-only;
	request domain-name-servers;
	request domain-name;
	script "/etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6c-script";
};

- Daemon temporär starten

dhcp6c -c /etc/wide-dhcpv6/dhcp6c.conf -fdD eth0

radvd - Router Advertisement Daemon

Datei	Beschreibung
/etc/radvd.conf	radvd Konfigurationsdatei
service radvd start \| stop \| restart \| status	radvd Daemon starten \| stoppen \| neustarten \| aktueller Status
radvdump	Fehlersuche gesendete und empfangene Advertisements detailliert betrachten
rdisc6 eth0	aktuelle Router Advertisements für die angegebene Schnittstelle anzeigen

- Beispiel Daemon Konfigurationsdatei

# /etc/radvd.conf
#
interface eth1
{
   AdvSendAdvert on;
   MinRtrAdvInterval 15;
   MaxRtrAdvInterval 60;
   AdvDefaultPreference high;
   AdvManagedFlag off;
   AdvOtherConfigFlag off;
   AdvHomeAgentFlag off;

prefix ::/64
        {
        AdvOnLink on;
        AdvAutonomous on;
        AdvRouterAddr on;
        };
};

Parameter
AdvSendAdvert - Advertisement versenden
AdvManagedFlag - Managed Address, DHCPv6 Stateful Konfiguration
AdvOtherConfigFlag - Other Stateful, DHCPv6 Stateless Konfiguration
AdvHomeAgentFlag - Home Agent Flag für Mobile IPv6
AdvDefaultPreference - Router Priorität
AdvAutonomous - Autokonfiguration durch den Client

sonstiges

Beispielkonfiguration für einen Router

eth0 - WAN Interface
eth1 - LAN Interface

- Weiterleitung der Pakete aktivieren forwarding auf allen Schnittsellen, Router Advertisement auf eth0 akzeptieren accept_ra

sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=1
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra=2
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.eth1.autoconf=0

- aktuelle Einstellungen kontrollieren

sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
sysctl net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra
sysctl net.ipv6.conf.eth1.autoconf

- IPv6 Adresse der Schnittstelle eth0 anzeigen

ip -6 addr show dev eth0